Servers are essential for data centers including their electricity use. It is important to be able to measure the energy efficiency (EE) of servers to keep track of the power consumption of data centers. Various so-called EE benchmarking software tools are used for standardizing the measurement. It is yet unknown if these tools are functionally equivalent, i.e. ranking and calibration equivalent. Here is presented a pioneering implementation for testing the functional equivalence of server EE measurement tools. For the first time, Benchmark of Server Energy Efficiency (BenchSEE) and Server Efficiency Rating Tool (SERT) are tentatively compared in terms of ranking and calibration equivalence. The preliminary suggestion is that the EE benchmarking tools BenchSEE and SERT are functionally interchangeable based on ranking and calibration equivalence. However, the research provides only tentative indications, limited by the small sample size.
Keywords: benchmark, calibration, energy efficiency, ranking, servers, tools

Nigeria's transmission network faces a structural crisis characterized by three interlocking challenges: ohmic losses, voltage instability, and chronic line congestion. This review paper synthesizes findings from peer-reviewed studies and regulatory reports to provide a comprehensive technical assessment of each challenge, its root causes, and evidence-based corrective strategies. Ohmic losses are the resistance of the line to the flow of current, generating heat that increases the line's resistance. This is mitigated using parallel transmission circuit, voltage uprating and conductor upgrading. Voltage instability analysis identifies eight northern buses operating persistently below the statutory 0.95 pu floor, with a documented reactive power deficit of 2,247.42 MVAr on the uncompensated network. Congestion analysis establishes that the Nigerian grid fails N-1 security compliance on major corridors due to its predominantly radial topology, with only one functional ring existing across the entire 330kV network. The paper identifies five loss-reduction strategies which are; power factor correction, conductor reconductoring, series capacitor compensation, parallel circuit addition, and operating voltage uprating and evaluates four voltage stability corrections: shunt reactive compensation, STATCOM placement, SSSC application, and network reinforcement. For congestion management, network reinforcement, reconfiguration, generation redispatch via Optimal Power Flow (OPF) and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) deployment are assessed. Findings confirm that the STATCOM at Maiduguri resolves all eight northern voltage violations simultaneously, that the addition of a parallel circuit on the Alaoji–Onitsha corridor saves 6.44MW in losses, and that AI-augmented SCADA/EMS deployment can reduce annual grid collapses from 12 to near zero. The paper concludes with a prioritized investment framework addressing all three transmission challenges.
Keywords: Facts Devices, Line Congestion, N-1 Criterion, Transmission Losses, Voltage Instability, Statcom.